落后就要挨打？？？还是找打？欠打？
上一篇我们谈论过〝圆明园〞的前世今生，那一年，大清王朝的咸丰皇帝因外国使节不肯给他下跪磕头，竞将21名英、法两国的外交官酷刑折磨致死在圆明园。这个事件招致了英、法联军的报复，远征军进京后放火烧毁了圆明园。那是发生在1860年的事情。
1860年－－1900年这期间历史间隔只有短暂的三十年，谁也不曾想到三十年后历史的悲剧又再一次的在古都上演，只不过这一回悲剧的主角，换成了咸丰皇帝的媳妇，也就是晚清的最高统治者－－慈禧太后担任总导演。
三十年前：咸丰皇帝拘捕了英法两国的39名外交官，其中21人被他虐杀致死。而三十年后：咸丰皇帝的媳妇慈禧太后则是〝更上一层楼〞。她不仅在全城搜捕灭绝洋鬼子，而且还将被杀害的外国使节的尸首悬挂在东华门城楼上示众。
三十年后的1900年，做为中央政府最高负责人的慈禧太后，除了派遣政府军队肆无忌惮的攻打外国驻华使馆，同时向西方十一个国家宣战之外，她竞然还纵容地痞流氓组织义和团在京城里肆意的烧、杀、抢、劫、和火烧教堂。官府大臣竟与拳匪合作，随心所欲的就在大街上杀害外国侨民和驻华外交官，庚子之乱波及半个中国，死亡人数高达十几万之多。
慈禧太后比起她爷们咸丰皇帝来，还真有一点〝青出於蓝、而胜於蓝〞的味道，颇有些继承她亡夫遗志的含意，起码这夫妻俩人在手段上是一脉相承的。这是1900年庚子年间发生在北京的事情。
这个事件最终招致八国联军进北京。今天：我们回过头重新审视一个世纪前发生的这个事件，八国联军进北京的行为是不是侵略行为？中国在这个事件中是真的那么无辜吗？在这个事件中我们是被西方列强欺侮了？还是我们暴虐无道犯下了欺人太甚的罪行了？是落后就要挨打？还是我们找打？欠打？这些就是我们今天在此要探讨的主题。
现在中国史学界有一种观点：那就是对於1900年发生在北京的那场战争，到底该怎么定义？
〝八国联军〞这个词汇肯定是不能作为这场战争的名称。但若定义为〝伟大的反帝爱国斗
争〞或者〝八国联军侵华战争〞〔以前的历史教科书就是这种提法〕这种定义虽然在政治上
〝正确〞虽然能够凝聚民族主义，虽然能够宏扬〝正能量〞但是这种歪曲事实的提法不仅难
以自圆其说，在严肃的世界史学界面前站不住脚，更何况这种提法本身就是强奸历史，颠倒
黑白。
的确是难为史学界的学者了，自古以来中国人就讲究〝隔代修史〞，古代中国人讲究的是
〝本朝人、不写本朝史〞这其中自然有难言之隐。〝隔代修史〞是为了尽可能的还原历史真
像。到了近代中国，禁忌就更多。历史像是个小姑娘，任人打扮。自武昌事变以来中国人写
的〝中国近代史〞其可信度都不高，那么：到底该如何定义1900年发生的这一历史事件？
有史学家提出：若按中日〝甲午战争〞的命名法，那么1900年这场战争就应称之为〝庚子战
争〞因为事件是发生在庚子年。但这样似乎不通，难以定义的原因是：实话实说不行，违心之论也不能，於是史学家们倾向於用中性的词汇来定义，那索性就将1900年发生在北京的事件用〝庚子之乱〞来概括吧。
今天我们就剖析一下这个〝庚子之乱〞。事件的导火索要从1898年说起：当时的宏观背景是这样的，1898年在京城、在清王朝的最高统治集团内部，正发生着一场激烈的〝帝党〞之争。一方面是以年轻的光绪皇帝为主导的变法维新派（有些类似於日本的明治维新、或者是今天中国的改革开放）另一方面是以慈禧太皇太后为首的（守旧祖制派）。发生在执政高层的这种争权夺利的斗争，如果用我们今天耳熟能详的政治术语来形容，那就叫〝党内的两条道路、两种路线、你死我活的激烈斗争〞。
最终〝变法维新〞失败了，光绪皇帝被软禁，其他的改革派成员四处逃亡，慈禧太后再一次的垂帘听政。在中国这场〔百日维新〕的变法运动中，西方各国的驻华使节们都支持中国皇帝的维新变法。当年英国《泰晤士報》是这样评论：西方各国支持中国的变法维新，希望中国通过政治体制的改革，从中世纪的野蛮国家进化为现代的文明国家。这是慈禧仇视洋人的原因之一。
光绪皇帝的〝改革开放〞失败后，西方各国的驻华公使们对曾在〝百日维新〞中发布了一百
多道改革上谕，戊戌政变后被慈禧太后软禁在中南海瀛台的光绪皇帝寄予同情：而对再次垂
帘听政的西太后〝颇有微言端王载漪和甘军统领董福祥做了替罪羊。《辛丑条约》的内容电奏西安后，慈禧得报
凤颜大悦。
西方列强最后尊重了中国对最高统治者不能碰的底线。我们不妨设想一下，如果西方各国坚
持要求西太后承担罪责，交出权力归政光绪帝（这一直是各国的愿望）中国将是什么局面。
这点并非做不到，只要列强对清廷的压力足够大。西太后再负隅顽抗，她也办不到。满清权
贵、朝廷重臣、外省督抚决不会让满清的政权为她殉葬，最后必然会抛弃她。如果光绪帝能
够亲政，主导宪政改革，中国的历史将改写。明治维新在日本创造的奇迹同样可能发生在中
国；中国人民在二十世纪承受的巨大苦难将可以避免。当然：历史无法假设。就这样一个千
载难逢的铲除国贼的机会错过去了。
上世纪80年代的时候，大陆曾拍摄过一部影片叫《东陵大盗》，讲述的是国民革命第十二军
的军长－－孙殿英率部挖掘慈禧墓的故事。〝盗〞字是贬意，可是说心里话，我在观看这部
影片的时候，内心里却充满着敬意，充满着快感，觉得大快人心，觉得解气，觉得影片的名
字应改叫做《东陵义士》才恰如其分。对於那个祸国殃民的慈禧，难道不该挫骨扬灰吗？得
知慈禧墓被盗之后，痛哭流啼的该是末代皇帝溥仪，该是晚清的遗老遗少，他们的祖坟被挖
掘了，与我们有何相关，况且又是这样一个历史罪人。
多年来中国文艺界有不少关於满清的文艺作品。包括赞美〝义和团爱国主义〞的作品。似乎都是在有意或无意间，要宣传或唤醒某种集体的下意识。由於不断的向民众灌输这种被迫害的意识，令民众盲目的迷信〝西方列强亡我之心不死〞，从而达到转移内部矛盾一致对外的目地。
笔者内心里清楚，书写与官方宣传口径不一致的文章会招致非议，会招来五毛们的狂喷。但我不愿意听官媒那些空话、套话、也不愿意说更不愿意写那些所谓〝正能量〞的废话。做一个正直的人，就首先要有独立思考、不盲目跟风、不人云亦云的风范。不能让自己的大脑成为别人任意纵横的跑马场。
多年来鄙人一直致力於在各种史料中〝抽丝剥茧〞的探索。我非常明白：自己就是一凡夫俗子，没有呼风唤雨的法力。但我可以从自我做起，从一点一滴的身边最细微的小事做起，尽量〝透过现象看本质〞，尽量还原事务的本来面目。面对强大的官方媒体，我的做法或许无法改变什么甚至是徒劳的，但我至少还可以给后代们留下一份真实的记录。
关於义和团犯下的残暴罪行可参考：
中华书局《山东巡抚袁世凯摺》
和雷颐所著的《历史的裂缝 －对历史与人性的窥探》
侯宜杰：《义和团 — 在〝灭洋〞的旗帜下》
普特南•威尔：《庚子使舘被围记》
袁伟时:《现代化与历史教科书》
英国公使窦纳乐（Macdonald）给政府的报告，
以及1901年2月14日光绪皇帝的《罪己诏》。
Really great shoes, in a color combo I couldnt get locally.
- Liberia
Love these shoes.They also fit me perfectly..Will continue to order
- Liberia
My husband is on his feet every day and he loves these shoes - his fourth pair!
- Singapore
Great product. Have bought several. I replace them when they wear out. Worth every penny.
- Liberia
These are the the most comfortable shoes and my second pair of this particlar model. I wore the first out.
- Switzerland
I ordered these for my husband who needed black shoes for work. He says they are very comfortable and fit perfectly!
- Singapore
I love the fit, and they are very stylish. Only thing I didn't like is the box it came in was to small other then that will buy again.
- Switzerland
Wide 4E makes for perfect fit. This. Is my second pair. The construction is very strong and my first pair has worn excellently. So I expect these will also.
- Liberia
This is one of the few cross-trainer style shoes available in a wide width. These fit my feet much better than other athletic shoes. Note that the insoles do not come out.
- Switzerland
This is my husband's favorite shoe for comfort! He wears them for 'good' and when his older ones wear out, he rotates the newer one for work, and orders a new pair. He says they provide him with the perfect amount of support!
- Switzerland
2024-01-12 08:58:25--
The quality of headphones is really good, the sound quality is clear, the response is very sensitive, and it is easy to carry. I am very satisfied!
2024-01-12 08:57:48--
Touch-sensitive, high-definition, and high transparency, with a curved screen design that fits perfectly, this protective case is the best one in my opinion.
2024-01-12 08:52:36--
Thank you very much size a little small take a size below
2024-01-12 08:51:51--
Very nice quality and quick service
2024-01-12 08:50:50--
Waited for it for 4 months and it didn’t arrive yet
2024-01-12 08:48:01--
They are comfortable
2024-01-12 08:47:48--
True to size and awesome.
2024-01-12 08:46:52--
Really good shoes 100% to buy again!
2024-01-12 08:46:32--
Shopping went well! I am pleased! thanks
2024-01-04 19:04:52--
Love the shoes. Great quality. Just wish they came with the box and softer insole.
2024-01-04 19:03:52--
My favorite seller on Dhgate. They never disappoint. Shoes came in about 3 weeks with no problems. Will definitely be ordering more shoes as soon as I can
2024-01-04 19:01:56--
Very strong smell and have charged me $ 10 of customs
2024-01-04 19:01:50--
Perfect but some defect
2024-01-04 18:57:40--
All perfect, excellent, like those of any store but at a price without competition, super recommended A +++
2024-01-04 18:54:49--
Runs a little small, otherwise very believable
2024-01-04 18:53:41--
The size 13 is slightly tighter than others. Other than that, the material is great and I love the shoe.
2024-01-04 18:52:20--
I’ve ordered 3 pairs from seller. Every one has come on time and 2 of them even came in earlier than expected. Will be buying exclusively from them from now on.
2024-01-04 18:51:38--
fast delivery
2024-01-04 18:51:30--
Love the shoes
2024-01-04 18:50:41--
Shoes are good quality
2024-01-04 18:46:02--
The shoes are very soft, comfortable to wear, no kicking, very satisfied.
2024-01-04 18:45:37--
Very pleased with product. Purchased as gift for Christmas gift for my daughter she was very pleased.
2024-01-04 18:44:08--
very fast delivery
2024-01-04 18:40:18--
Not bad.I like it
2024-01-04 18:39:05--
Love them they ate just
2024-01-04 18:37:28--
excellent verry good beautiful
2024-01-04 18:34:26--
these are exactly what i wanted it had the adidas symbol at the heel and is identical!!
2024-01-04 18:33:52--
I had a feeling they ran a size smaller so I sized up and they fit perfectly! I am a women's US 8 and I ordered a size 40. They are a cute shoe for summer!
2024-01-04 09:22:35--
It is very stable to wear and will not fall off
2024-01-04 09:21:49--
Really good quality, item as described, excelent trade, would do it again! Thanks a lot.
2024-01-04 09:19:29--
These came bright Orange. Seller and I resolved the issue so I am satisfied, I was really hoping for the yellow ones though
2024-01-04 09:17:47--
Good quality, excellent quality and reasonable price.
2024-01-04 09:15:01--
Top seller, quickly!
The shoes comply with the real!
I recommend this seller
2024-01-04 09:13:24--
Fast delivery and great looking shoe!
2024-01-04 09:08:53--
I received this package, the packaging is very atmospheric and high-end. After opening, the color is the same as online, quite exquisite, and looks great to carry. It's also easy to match
2024-01-04 09:08:40--
I love it!! When I opened it the quality and felt legitimate. I even compared it to the real thing on the website and it came out exactly the same. I would definitely buy from this seller again. Buy it! ! You won't be disappointed.
2024-01-04 09:08:34--
OMG this bag is absolutely beautiful!!! I can not stop looking at it. By far the best purchase I’ve made on here. I received the item much sooner then expected which is an A+. Buy this bag, you won’t regret it.
2024-01-04 09:07:00--
It’s cute. Not sure what the real one looks like but I’m tempted to buy the black one. For the price it is not bad
2024-01-04 09:06:23--
Happy with the order.
2024-01-04 09:04:55--
when i bought it i didn’t know what to expect as it was my first time buying, and then when it came i was stunned it was amazing i loved it and it was gorgeous!! i am in love with my order and will be buying from again x🥰
2024-01-04 09:04:00--
Amazing same of the picture. Thank you for this nice quality
2024-01-04 09:03:59--
Incredible quality and very fast delivery! Thank you very much
2024-01-04 09:02:44--
Ordering this item was very easy and it was delivered a lot sooner than expected and they stayed in contact with me until I received my package. I knew where it was and when it was on the move again every step of the way and the product is GORGEOUS!!! I’m definitely ordering a lot more from here. I’m very happy with my purchase!!! Thank you DHgate
2024-01-04 09:02:28--
The ** 2 not come 2 I buy 2 just come 1🤬🤬
2024-01-04 09:02:23--
Ok quality but the headphones dont clamp down on my head correctly
2024-01-04 09:00:40--
Looked and sounded great even showed up as authentic very good deal
2024-01-04 09:00:18--
The sound quality is good, and the noise reduction is also good.
2024-01-04 08:58:25--
The overall workmanship is good, the comfort is good, and the ears won't fall off after sticking.
2024-01-04 08:58:21--
the mifa a90 is very beautiful ball show the sound and very good liked it very much just need to test the battery life
2024-01-04 08:58:18--
The quality is very good, the use is convenient, and the appearance color is particularly beautiful.
2024-01-04 08:57:04--
The shell feels very good in material, it is very anti-slip when held in the hand, and it is not easy to fall off the ground when used, and it is easy to wear headphones.
2024-01-04 08:55:23--
The headphones are comfortable to wear, the Bluetooth connection is stable, the sound is very clear and full, the battery life is long, the use and carrying are convenient, the wearing is comfortable, the quality is very good, and it's really great!
2024-01-04 00:07:11--
Very good👍🏻
2024-01-04 00:07:09--
very good product
2024-01-04 00:03:04--
Product is great but shipping took months
2024-01-04 00:03:02--
Shipping faster than expected. Item just ok.
2024-01-04 00:02:49--
Item is very realistic however the straps are a bit thin. Satisfied
2024-01-04 00:02:36--
Red is too glossy and bright, yellow stitching is too bright, loose stitches on bottom of bag.
2024-01-04 00:01:36--
Bag is nice. There are a few imperfections with the red paint on the trim but nothing a little acetone can’t fix. After all, the bag is a replica and it was only $35!
2024-01-04 00:00:17--
Very good !
Displaying 1 to 60 (of 800 reviews)
